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2. Bottom–up and top–down design - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom–up_and_top–down...

   A top–down approach (also known as stepwise design and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into its compositional subsystems in a reverse engineering fashion. In a top–down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying, but not ...

3. Jim Kurose - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Kurose

   Kurose's main area of teaching is computer networking. He is a coauthor of the well-known textbook Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach. [2] In 2020, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the design and analysis of network protocols for multimedia communication.

4. Computer network - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network

   A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network ... Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet ...

5. TCP congestion control - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_congestion_control

   Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a congestion control algorithm that includes various aspects of an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) scheme, along with other schemes including slow start [ 1] and a congestion window (CWND), to achieve congestion avoidance. The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for ...

6. Network congestion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion

   Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. A consequence of congestion is that an incremental increase in offered load leads ...

7. Split horizon route advertisement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_horizon_route...

   Split horizon route advertisement. In computer networking, split-horizon route advertisement is a method of preventing routing loops in distance-vector routing protocols by prohibiting a router from advertising a route back onto the interface from which it was learned. The concept was suggested in 1974 by Torsten Cegrell, and originally ...

8. OSI model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

   The Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [ 2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split into seven ...

9. Packet loss - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_loss

   Packet loss occurs when one or more packets of data travelling across a computer network fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is either caused by errors in data transmission, typically across wireless networks, [ 1][ 2] or network congestion. [ 3]: 36 Packet loss is measured as a percentage of packets lost with respect to packets sent.