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Quadratic equation. In mathematics, a quadratic equation (from Latin quadratus ' square ') is an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as [1] where x represents an unknown value, and a, b, and c represent known numbers, where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0 and b ≠ 0 then the equation is linear, not quadratic.)
Order of operations. In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression . These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and ...
The imaginary unit or unit imaginary number ( i) is a solution to the quadratic equation x2 + 1 = 0. Although there is no real number with this property, i can be used to extend the real numbers to what are called complex numbers, using addition and multiplication. A simple example of the use of i in a complex number is 2 + 3i.
If does not contain all -th roots of unity, one introduces the field that extends by a primitive root of unity, and one redefines as (). So, if one starts from a solution in terms of radicals, one gets an increasing sequence of fields such that the last one contains the solution, and each is a normal extension of the preceding one with a Galois ...
The graph of a univariate quadratic function is a parabola, a curve that has an axis of symmetry parallel to the y -axis. If a quadratic function is equated with zero, then the result is a quadratic equation. The solutions of a quadratic equation are the zeros of the corresponding quadratic function. The bivariate case in terms of variables x ...
Cubic equation. Graph of a cubic function with 3 real roots (where the curve crosses the horizontal axis at y = 0 ). The case shown has two critical points. Here the function is and therefore the three real roots are 2, -1 and -4. In algebra, a cubic equation in one variable is an equation of the form in which a is not zero.
For example, in the real numbers one cannot divide by zero [11] or take square roots of negative numbers. The values for which an operation is defined form a set called its domain of definition or active domain. The set which contains the values produced is called the codomain, but the set of actual values attained by the operation is its ...
Roots of unity can be defined in any field. If the characteristic of the field is zero, the roots are complex numbers that are also algebraic integers. For fields with a positive characteristic, the roots belong to a finite field, and, conversely, every nonzero element of a finite field is a root of unity.