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Human physiology of underwater diving is the physiological influences of the underwater environment on the human diver, and adaptations to operating underwater, both during breath-hold dives and while breathing at ambient pressure from a suitable breathing gas supply. It, therefore, includes the range of physiological effects generally limited ...
Urinary water loss, when the body water homeostat is intact, is a compensatory water loss, correcting any water excess in the body. However, since the kidneys cannot generate water, the thirst reflex is the all-important second effector mechanism of the body water homeostat, correcting any water deficit in the body.
The most effective treatment for minor dehydration is widely considered to be drinking water and reducing fluid loss. Plain water restores only the volume of the blood plasma, inhibiting the thirst mechanism before solute levels can be replenished. [26] Solid foods can contribute to replace fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea. [27]
In a series of new papers, experts have pieced together the mechanism that “pumps” cerebrospinal fluid through the brain, as well as how the waste traverses the barrier separating brain tissue ...
Sodium is the most prevalent metallic ion in extracellular fluid. [102] In humans, unusually low or high sodium levels in the blood is recognized in medicine as hyponatremia and hypernatremia. These conditions may be caused by genetic factors, ageing, or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea. [103]
Thirst is the craving for potable fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. [ 1] It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as sodium. If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold or the osmolite ...
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. [1] It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. [1] Oral rehydration therapy can also be given by a nasogastric tube. [1]
Stratification (water) – Layering of a body of water due to density variations; Thermocline – Distinct layer of temperature change in a body of water; Tide – Rise and fall of the sea level under astronomical gravitational influences; Turbidity – Cloudiness of a fluid; Wind wave – Surface waves generated by wind on open water