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The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two. " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information " [ 1] is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology. [ 2][ 3][ 4] It was written by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Harvard University 's Department of Psychology and published ...
Multi-store model: Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) original model of memory, consisting of the sensory register, short-term store, and long-term store. The model of memories is an explanation of how memory processes work. The three-part, multi-store model was first described by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968, [1] though the vac idea of distinct ...
The term "working memory" was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram,[5][6]and was used in the 1960s in the context of theories that likened the mind to a computer. In 1968, Atkinson and Shiffrin[7]used the term to describe their "short-term store". The term short-term store was the name previously used for working memory.
Its capacity, however, is very limited. In 1956, George A. Miller (1920–2012), when working at Bell Laboratories, conducted experiments showing that the store of short-term memory was 7±2 items. (Hence, the title of his famous paper, "The Magical Number 7±2."
A modality effect is present in chunking. That is, the mechanism used to convey the list of items to the individual affects how much "chunking" occurs. Experimentally, it has been found that auditory presentation results in a larger amount of grouping in the responses of individuals than visual presentation does. Previous literature, such as George Miller's The Magical Number Seven, Plus or ...
This number was appended when studies done on chunking revealed that seven, plus or minus two could also refer to seven "packets of information". In 1974, Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch proposed their model of working memory , which consists of the central executive, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and phonological loop as a method of encoding.
The cognitive interview ( CI) is a method of interviewing eyewitnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene. Using four retrievals, the primary focus of the cognitive interview is to make witnesses and victims of a situation aware of all the events that transpired. The interview aids in minimizing both misinterpretation and ...
Short-term memory. Short-term memory (or " primary " or " active memory ") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for a short interval. For example, short-term memory holds a phone number that has just been recited. The duration of short-term memory (absent rehearsal or active maintenance ...