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2. Laser cutting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting

   Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut edge. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is now used by schools, small businesses, architecture, and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high-power laser most commonly through optics.

3. Laser engraving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_engraving

   Laser engraving is the practice of using lasers to engrave an object. Laser marking, on the other hand, is a broader category of methods to leave marks on an object, which in some cases, also includes color change due to chemical/molecular alteration, charring, foaming, melting, ablation, and more. [1] The technique does not involve the use of ...

4. Nd:YAG laser - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd:YAG_laser

   Nd:YAG laser with lid open showing frequency-doubled 532 nm green light. Nd:YAG laser rod. Nd:YAG ( neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant, neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd (III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in ...

5. Laser diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_diode

   The laser diode chip is the small black chip at the front; a photodiode at the back is used to control output power. SEM ( scanning electron microscope) image of a commercial laser diode with its case and window cut away. The anode connection on the right has been accidentally broken by the case cut process. A laser diode ( LD, also injection ...

6. Diode-pumped solid-state laser - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode-pumped_solid-state_laser

   A diode-pumped solid-state laser ( DPSSL) is a solid-state laser made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymium-doped YAG crystal, with a laser diode . DPSSLs have advantages in compactness and efficiency over other types, and high power DPSSLs have replaced ion lasers and flashlamp-pumped lasers in many scientific ...

7. List of laser types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laser_types

   Flashlamp, laser diode: Periodontal scaling, dental laser, skin resurfacing Neodymium YLF solid-state laser 1.047 and 1.053 μm Flashlamp, laser diode Mostly used for pulsed pumping of certain types of pulsed Ti:sapphire lasers, combined with frequency doubling. Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO 4) laser 1.064 μm laser diode

8. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical-cavity_surface...

   The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser ( VCSEL / ˈvɪksəl /) is a type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (also called in-plane lasers) which emit from surfaces formed by cleaving the individual chip out of a wafer.

9. Bubblegram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubblegram

   Bubblegram. A laser glass sculpture of a caffeine molecule. A bubblegram (also known as laser crystal, Subsurface Laser Engraving, 3D crystal engraving or vitrography) is a solid block of glass or transparent plastic that has been exposed to laser beams to generate three-dimensional designs inside. The image is composed of many small points of ...