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Cannabis use disorder ( CUD ), also known as cannabis addiction or marijuana addiction, is a psychiatric disorder defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5) and ICD-10 as the continued use of cannabis despite clinically significant impairment. [ 2][ 3]
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) testing is a common practice used by law enforcement in the United States in the identification of persons who are intoxicated or under the influence of a controlled substance. The key difference between recognizing PAN and horizontal gaze nystagmus is the position of the subject's head in relation to the body.
Nystagmus. Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) [1] eye movement. [2] People can be born with it but more commonly acquire it in infancy or later in life. In many cases it may result in reduced or limited vision. [3] In normal eyesight, while the head rotates about an axis, distant visual images are sustained by ...
Field sobriety testing. Field sobriety tests ( FSTs ), also referred to as standardized field sobriety tests ( SFSTs ), are a battery of tests used by police officers to determine if a person suspected of impaired driving is intoxicated with alcohol or other drugs. FSTs (and SFSTs) are primarily used in the United States, to meet "probable ...
Sobriety. A midshipman is subjected to a random breathalyzer test to determine whether he is sober. Sobriety is the condition of not having any effects from alcohol and other drugs. [ 1] Sobriety is also considered to be the natural state of a human being at birth. A person in a state of sobriety is considered sober.
Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus. The optokinetic reflex ( OKR ), also referred to as the optokinetic response, or optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), is a compensatory reflex that supports visual image stabilization. [ 1] The purpose of OKR is to prevent image blur on the retina that would otherwise occur when an animal moves its head or navigates ...
Researchers found that more days of use were correlated with decreases in inhibitory control, and visuospatial ability. Contrary to existing cross-sectional studies showing marijuana use in adolescence is associated with poor cognitive functioning, there were no associations between long-term cannabis use and memory and processing speed. [55]
Nystagmus is tested for. One or two beats is a normal finding. The accommodation reflex is tested by moving the target towards the patient's nose. As the eyes converge, the pupils should constrict. The optokinetic nystagmus test is optional and involves asking the patient to look at a strip of vertical lines moving horizontally across visual ...