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Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes ( strabismus ), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye. Dissociated vertical deviation is a special type of hypertropia leading to slow ...
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. [ 1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. [ 2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in ...
v. t. e. Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, [ 1] biopsychology, or psychobiology, [ 2] is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals. [ 3]
Tinbergen's four questions, named after 20th century biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. These are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. [ 1] It suggests that an integrative understanding of behaviour must include ultimate ( evolutionary) explanations, in particular ...
Venus of Willendorf, figurine exaggerating body and breast stimuli. A supernormal stimulus or superstimulus is an exaggerated version of a stimulus to which there is an existing response tendency, or any stimulus that elicits a response more strongly than the stimulus for which it evolved. For example, it is possible to create artificial bird ...
t. e. In physiology, a stimulus[ 1] is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to detect external stimuli, so that an appropriate reaction can be made, is called sensitivity ( excitability ). [ 2] Sensory receptors can receive information ...
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [ 1] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human ...
Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. [ 1][page needed] This field of psychology takes an empirical and practical approach when ...