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The various functions of the liver are carried out by the liver cells or hepatocytes. The liver is thought to be responsible for up to 500 separate functions, usually in combination with other systems and organs. Currently, no artificial organ or device is capable of reproducing all the functions of the liver.
The liver is responsible for the production of the vast majority of coagulation factors. In patients with liver disease, international normalized ratio (INR) can be used as a marker of liver synthetic function as it includes factor VII, which has the shortest half life (2–6 hours) of all coagulation factors measured in INR. An elevated INR in ...
A liver segment is one of eight segments of the liver as described in the widely used Couinaud classification (named after Claude Couinaud) in the anatomy of the liver.This system divides the lobes of the liver into eight segments based on a transverse plane through the bifurcation of the main portal vein, [1] arranged in a clockwise manner starting from the caudate lobe.
All plasma proteins except Gamma-globulins are synthesised in the liver. [1] Human serum albumin, osmolyte and carrier protein. α-fetoprotein, the fetal counterpart of serum albumin. Soluble plasma fibronectin, forming a blood clot that stops bleeding. C-reactive protein, opsonin on microbes, [2] acute phase protein. Various other globulins.
[16] [17] The detoxification function of the liver exposes the organ to many chemicals, which can induce hepatocyte injury and death. The liver can rapidly regenerate its damaged tissue, preventing liver failure. However, the speed of liver regeneration depends on whether interleukin 6 (IL 6) is overexpressed. [18]
Cirrhosis. Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is a condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease. [6][7][8] Damage to the liver leads to repair of liver ...
The hepatocyte is a cell in the body that manufactures serum albumin, fibrinogen, and the prothrombin group of clotting factors (except for Factors 3 and 4). It is the main site for the synthesis of lipoproteins, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, complement, and glycoproteins. Hepatocytes manufacture their own structural proteins and intracellular ...
The liver is divided into four lobes. This image shows the large right lobe and a smaller left lobe separated by the falciform ligament. 1: Right lobe of liver. 2: Left lobe of liver. 3: Quadrate lobe of liver. 4: Round ligament of liver. 5: Falciform ligament. 6: Caudate lobe of liver. 7: Inferior vena cava.