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Often I find people in the chat using emoticons. Most are simple to decipher, but I can't figure out what these two mean. :3 and :S What do they mean?
This is a question regarding the text message culture (SMS, chat etc). Hope it's not off-topic since well, texting language is still a language. It sometimes happens that during a conversation someone sends a text message that consists only of one dot – no space, no word, no other punctuation, just one period glyph and that's all.
At least not for grammatical purposes. More than one exclamation mark doesn't have any meaning. An exclamation doesn't get more "exclamationy" by more marks. Of course, you could still use them, but the interpretation would be entirely up to the reader. Use of punctuation that doesn't have any grounds in grammar would be more like decoration.
In this case, the relevant information is that the final height of the stack is 3 meters; we don't know how many beds this amounts to without more information about the beds. There's also a third usage, with units such as 'layer' or 'tier', e.g. 'the beds were stacked 3 tiers high'. Here, the relevant information is the number of tiers.
Cohesion describes the way in which a text is tied together by linguistic devices, such as And so we see . . . , Additonally . . . , Therefore . . . , However . . . and On the other hand . . . A text has coherence if its constituent sentences follow on one from the other in an orderly fashion so that the reader can make sense of the entire text.
The three dots, ellipsis (plural, ellipses), indicate missing text. In square brackets they indicate missing paragraphs. Square brackets, containing text, can be used in a quotation to help the sense of the extract, or an explanation, i.e. any useful text that is not part of the original quotation. Chris, freelance editor
Occasionally I see someone write out sentences,,, like this,,, with exactly three commas. The first time I saw it I thought it was a personal idiosyncrasy, but I've seen it enough times now that I
cf., an abbreviation for the Latin word confer (the imperative singular form of "conferre"), literally meaning "bring together", is used to refer to other material or ideas which may provide similar or different information or arguments.
This form of citation is used when you are using brief/in text citations. Otherwise, one would use the citation style for the type of formal paper that you are writing, for example, MLA would be "don't do it wrong" (Author's Last name 45) where the numbers indicate the page number where the quote is found, and the author's full name will be ...
From the compound word hoity-toity meaning 'thoughtless giddy behaviour', where hoity is the word hoit, meaning 'to behave thoughtlessly and frivolously'. However, I can't seem to find the meaning of toit in any English dictionary. I'm able to find meanings in French, Finnish, Estonian, and, Gaelic. This leads to a lot of confusion, and I'd ...