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Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
After Benzer demonstrated the power of the T4 rII system for exploring the fine structure of the gene, others adapted the system to explore related problems.For example, Francis Crick and others used one of the peculiar r mutants Benzer had found (a deletion that fused the A and B cistrons of rII) to demonstrate the triplet nature of the genetic code.
A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid within the bacterial cell. [1] Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the characteristic step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages.
The remaining part of the membrane is degraded and then DNA from the head of the virus can travel through the tail tube and enter the E. coli cell. [ citation needed ] In 1952, Hershey and Chase [ 19 ] provided key evidence that the phage DNA, as distinct from protein, enters the host bacterial cell upon infection and is thus the genetic ...
Assembled major coat protein subunits in Ff (fd, f1, M13) filamentous bacteriophage (genus Inovirus), exploded view. Filamentous phage virion--schematic views. Filamentous bacteriophages are among the simplest living organisms known, with far fewer genes than the classical tailed bacteriophages studied by the phage group in the mid-20th century.
The prokaryotic cell is shown with its DNA, in green. 2. The bacteriophage attaches and releases its DNA, shown in red, into the prokaryotic cell. 3. The phage DNA then moves through the cell to the host's DNA. 4. The phage DNA integrates itself into the host cell's DNA, creating prophage. 5. The prophage then remains dormant until the host ...
Schematic drawing of a Φ29 phage virion (cross section and side view). The structure of Φ29 is composed of seven main proteins: the terminal protein (p3), the head or capsid protein (p8), the head or capsid fiber protein (p8.5), the distal tail knob (p9), the portal or connector protein (p10), the tail tube or lower collar proteins (p11), and the tail fibers or appendage proteins (p12*).
Genome of the bacteriophage ΦX174 showing its 11 genes [10] This bacteriophage has a [+] sense circular single-stranded DNA genome of 5,386 nucleotides. [10] The genome GC-content is 44% and 95% of nucleotides belong to coding genes. Because of the balance base pattern of the genome, it is used as the control DNA for Illumina sequencers.