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Treatment primarily consists of addressing the underlying cause of EGJOO. [2] For example, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with reflux esophagitis is treated with proton pump inhibitors. Esophageal rings or strictures may be treated with esophageal dilation. Simple observation may be considered, [5] especially if symptoms are minimal or ...
Some treatments for pain can be harmful if overused. [6] A goal of pain management for the patient and their health care provider is to identify the amount of treatment needed to address the pain without going beyond that limit. [6] Another problem with pain management is that pain is the body's natural way of communicating a problem. [6]
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), also known as distal esophageal spasm, is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which may cause difficulty swallowing or regurgitation. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as chest pain, similar to heart disease. In many cases, the cause of DES remains unknown.
Patients taking strong dopaminergic antagonists such as those used in the treatment of psychosis are more likely than the general population to develop symptoms of depression. [ 210 ] Data from clinical studies have shown that DA agonists, such as bromocriptine , pramipexole and ropinirole , exhibit antidepressant properties.
Esophageal spasm is a disorder of motility of the esophagus. [2] There are two types of esophageal spasm: [2] Diffuse or distal esophageal spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions; Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions are coordinated but with an excessive amplitude.
However, the symptoms of chest pain and trouble swallowing may be severe enough to require treatment with medications, and rarely, surgery. The initial step of treatment focuses on reducing risk factors. While weight reduction may be useful in reducing symptoms, the role of acid suppression therapy to reduce esophageal reflux is still uncertain ...
( e.g., sham acupuncture [clarification needed]) Given an accurate diagnosis of major depressive disorder, in general the type of treatment (psychotherapy and/or antidepressants, alternate or other treatments, or active intervention) is "less important than getting depressed patients involved in an active therapeutic program." [7]
It can be used to treat a number of medical conditions that result in narrowing of the esophageal lumen, or decrease motility in the distal esophagus. These include the following: Peptic stricture; Eosinophilic esophagitis [2] Schatzki rings; Achalasia; Scleroderma esophagus; esophageal cancer