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Protection systems usually comprise five components Current and voltage transformers to step down the high voltages and currents of the electrical power system to convenient levels for the relays to deal with; Protective relays to sense the fault and initiate a trip, or disconnection, order
The theory and application of these protective devices is an important part of the education of a power engineer who specializes in power system protection. The need to act quickly to protect circuits and equipment often requires protective relays to respond and trip a breaker within a few thousandths of a second.
Protective relay. In utility and industrial electric power transmission and distribution systems, a numerical relay is a computer-based system with software-based protection algorithms for the detection of electrical faults. [1] Such relays are also termed as microprocessor type protective relays.
In electric power systems and industrial automation, ANSI Device Numbers can be used to identify equipment and devices in a system such as relays, circuit breakers, or instruments. The device numbers are enumerated in ANSI/IEEE Standard C37.2 Standard for Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and Contact Designations.
The controlling relay monitors voltage and current in the transformer, and opens or closes the contact mechanism through electrical signals. The relay uses a power/time curve so that small, short term reverse power flow (such as from elevator hoists) are ignored. Spot units will be 277/480 and the grid units will be 120/208.
A relay allows circuits to be switched by electrical equipment: for example, a timer circuit with a relay could switch power at a preset time. For many years relays were the standard method of controlling industrial electronic systems. A number of relays could be used together to carry out complex functions (relay logic). The principle of relay ...
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