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SQLAlchemy offers tools for database schema generation, querying, and object-relational mapping. Key features include: A comprehensive embedded domain-specific language for SQL in Python called "SQLAlchemy Core" that provides means to construct and execute SQL queries. A powerful ORM that allows the mapping of Python classes to database tables.
For example, think of A as Authors, and B as Books. An Author can write several Books, and a Book can be written by several Authors. In a relational database management system, such relationships are usually implemented by means of an associative table (also known as join table, junction table or cross-reference table), say, AB with two one-to-many relationships A → AB and B → AB.
Object–relational mapping (ORM, O/RM, and O/R mapping tool) in computer science is a programming technique for converting data between a relational database and the memory (usually the heap) of an object-oriented programming language.
Entity Framework, included in .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 and above; iBATIS, free open source, maintained by ASF but now inactive. LINQ to SQL, included in .NET Framework 3.5; NHibernate, open source; nHydrate, open source; Quick Objects, free or commercial
Klerks categorized link analysis tools into 3 generations. [5] The first generation was introduced in 1975 as the Anacpapa Chart of Harper and Harris. [ 6 ] This method requires that a domain expert review data files, identify associations by constructing an association matrix, create a link chart for visualization and finally analyze the ...
The entity–relationship model proposes a technique that produces entity–relationship diagrams (ERDs), which can be employed to capture information about data model entity types, relationships and cardinality. A Crow's foot shows a one-to-many relationship. Alternatively a single line represents a one-to-one relationship. [4]
This is a major difference with methods such as principal component analysis, where correlations between all data points are taken into account at once. Given ( X , k ) {\displaystyle (X,k)} , we can then construct a reversible discrete-time Markov chain on X {\displaystyle X} (a process known as the normalized graph Laplacian construction):
The use of diffeomorphic methods grew quickly to dominate the field of mapping methods post Christensen's original paper, with fast and symmetric methods becoming available. [19] [34] Such methods are powerful in that they introduce notions of regularity of the solutions so that they can be differentiated and local inverses can be calculated.