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Aloin, also known as barbaloin, [1] is a bitter, yellow-brown colored compound noted in the exudate of at least 68 Aloe species at levels from 0.1 to 6.6% of leaf dry weight (making between 3% and 35% of the total exudate), [2] and in another 17 species at indeterminate levels [Reynolds, 1995b].
Aloe vera gel is used commercially as an ingredient in yogurts, beverages, and some desserts, [54] but at high or prolonged doses, ingesting aloe latex or whole leaf extract can be toxic. [5] [9] [11] [15] Use of topical aloe vera in small amounts is likely to be safe. [9] [39]
A further byproduct called tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) is a cheap source of oleic acid. [219] Tamanu or foraha oil [220] from the Calophyllum tacamahaca, is important in Polynesian culture, and, although very expensive, [220] is used for skin care. [221] Tonka bean oil (Cumaru oil), popular ingredient in cologne, used medicinally in Brazil. [222]
Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) Fruit Extract: Yucca herbal extract: Yucca schidigera Stem Extract: Aloe vera leaf gel: Aloe barbadensis Leaf Juice: Tea tree oil: Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Oil: Peppermint leaf oil: Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Oil: Spearmint leaf oil: Mentha viridis (Spearmint) Leaf Oil: Wintergreen leaf oil: Gaultheria ...
The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos, "few", and dynamis, "force") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. This effect is attributed to the antibacterial behavior of metal ions, which are absorbed by bacteria upon contact and damage their cell membranes .
The product having the removed materials is referred to as the extract. For example, in solvent extraction, the raffinate is the liquid stream which remains after solutes from the original liquid are removed through contact with an immiscible liquid. In metallurgy, raffinating refers to a process in which impurities are removed from liquid ...
Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly viscous oil that cannot easily flow from production wells under normal reservoir conditions. [1] It is referred to as "heavy" because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than ...
The clear cut definition of light and heavy crude varies because the classification is based more on practical grounds than theoretical. The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) defines light crude oil for domestic U.S. oil as having an API gravity between 37° API (840 kg/m 3) and 42° API (816 kg/m 3), while it defines light crude oil for non-U.S. oil as being between 32° API (865 kg/m 3 ...