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Geography relevant to Paul's life, stretching from Jerusalem to Rome. The two main sources of information that give access to the earliest segments of Paul's career are the Acts of the Apostles and the autobiographical elements of Paul's letters to the early Christian communities. [44] Paul was likely born between the years of 5 BC and 5 AD. [49]
The Early Church of Jerusalem is considered to be the first community of early Christianity.It was formed in Jerusalem after the crucifixion of Jesus.It proclaimed to Jews and non-Jews the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the forgiveness of sins and Jesus' commandments to prepare for his return and the associated end of the world.
John Knox dated Paul's conversion to AD 34–35 at the earliest. [146] Between 45 and 49, Paul founded the church in Antioch, where the term Christian was first used to refer to both Jews and Gentiles of the new faith . Paul founded churches in four Roman provinces: Galatia, Macedonia, Achaia and Asia.
The ancient Roman city of Aquileia at the head of the Adriatic Sea, today one of the main archaeological sites of Northern Italy, was an early center of Christianity said to be founded by Mark before his mission to Alexandria. Hermagoras of Aquileia is believed to be its first bishop. The Aquileian Rite is associated with Aquileia.
Christianity in the 1st century continued the practice of female Christian headcovering (from the age of puberty onward), with early Christian apologist Tertullian referencing 1 Corinthians 11:2–10 and stating "So, too, did the Corinthians themselves understand [Paul]. In fact, at this day the Corinthians do veil their virgins.
Christians were designated dhimma, a cultural status that guaranteed rights of protection but discriminated by enforcing legal inferiority. [207] Various Christian communities adopted different strategies for preserving their identity while accommodating their rulers: some withdrew from interaction, others converted, and others sought outside help.
Paul's "Road to Damascus" conversion to "Apostle to the Gentiles" is first recorded in Acts 9:13–16, cf. Gal 1:11–24; Peter baptizes the Roman Centurion Cornelius, who is traditionally considered the first Gentile convert to Christianity ; The Antioch church is founded, where the term Christian was first used
While most scholars agree that Peter died in Rome, it is generally accepted that there was a Christian community in Rome before either Peter or Paul arrived there. [119] The Catholic Church draws an analogy between Peter's seeming primacy among the Twelve in New Testament texts such as Matthew 16:17–19 , Luke 22:32 , and John 21:15–17 and ...