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  2. Feudalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism

    Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.

  3. Estates of the realm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm

    Furthermore, the industrial workers living in the city were not represented by the four-estate system. The political system was reformed as a result of the Finnish general strike of 1905, with the last Diet instituting a new constitutional law to create the modern parliamentary system, ending the political privileges of the estates. The post ...

  4. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    A directorial republic is a government system with power divided among a college of several people who jointly exercise the powers of a head of state and/or a head of government. Merchant republic: In the early Renaissance, a number of small, wealthy, trade-based city-states embraced republican ideals, notably across Italy and the Baltic.

  5. Neo-feudalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-feudalism

    One of the primary characteristics of the age of techno-capitalist-feudalism, according to Bellemare, is "the degeneration of the old modern class-system into a post-modern micro-caste-system, wherein an insurmountable divide and stratum now exists in-between the "1 percent" and the "99 percent", or more specifically, the state-finance ...

  6. Social stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification

    In modern Western societies, stratification is often broadly classified into three major divisions of social class: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Each of these classes can be further subdivided into smaller classes (e.g. "upper middle"). [5] Social strata may also be delineated on the basis of kinship ties or caste relations.

  7. Social system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_system

    Niklas Luhmann was a prominent sociologist and social systems theorist who laid the foundations of modern social system thought. [5] He based his definition of a "social system" on the mass network of communication between people and defined society itself as an "autopoietic" system, meaning a self-referential and self-reliant system that is ...

  8. Government in late medieval England - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_in_late...

    The government of the Kingdom of England in the Middle Ages was a monarchy based on the principles of feudalism. The king possessed ultimate executive, legislative, and judicial power. However, some limits to the king's authority had been imposed by the 13th century.

  9. Caste - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste

    Modern India's caste system is based on the superimposition of an old four-fold theoretical classification called varna on the social ethnic grouping called jāti. The Vedic period conceptualised a society as consisting of four types of varnas, or categories: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra, according to the nature of the work of its ...