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In electrical engineering, electrical length is a dimensionless parameter equal to the physical length of an electrical conductor such as a cable or wire, divided by the wavelength of alternating current at a given frequency traveling through the conductor. [1] [2] [3] In other words, it is the length of the conductor measured in wavelengths.
(E.g. 1 mm diameter wire is ~18 AWG, 2 mm diameter wire is ~12 AWG, and 4 mm diameter wire is ~6 AWG). This quadruples the cross-sectional area and conductance. A decrease of ten gauge numbers (E.g. from 12 AWG to 2 AWG) multiplies the area and weight by approximately 10, and reduces the electrical resistance (and increases the conductance ) by ...
In some applications wire sizes are specified as the cross sectional area of the wire, usually in mm 2. Advantages of this system include the ability to readily calculate the physical dimensions or weight of wire, ability to take account of non-circular wire, and ease of calculation of electrical properties.
The area in circular mils, A, of a circle with a diameter of d mils, is given by the formula: {} = {}. In Canada and the United States, the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) and the National Electrical Code (NEC), respectively, use the circular mil to define wire sizes larger than 0000 AWG .
Also called chordal or DC resistance This corresponds to the usual definition of resistance; the voltage divided by the current R s t a t i c = V I. {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {static} }={V \over I}.} It is the slope of the line (chord) from the origin through the point on the curve. Static resistance determines the power dissipation in an electrical component. Points on the current–voltage ...
The power losses in the wire are a product of the square of the current ( I ) and the resistance (R) of the wire, described by the formula: P w = I 2 R . {\displaystyle P_{\rm {w}}=I^{2}R\,.} This means that when transmitting a fixed power on a given wire, if the current is halved (i.e. the voltage is doubled), the power loss due to the wire's ...
where is the magnetic force constant from the Biot–Savart law, / is the total force on either wire per unit length of the shorter (the longer is approximated as infinitely long relative to the shorter), is the distance between the two wires, and , are the direct currents carried by the wires.
The electrical resistance of a uniform conductor is given in terms of resistivity by: [40] = where ℓ is the length of the conductor in SI units of meters, a is the cross-sectional area (for a round wire a = πr 2 if r is radius) in units of meters squared, and ρ is the resistivity in units of ohm·meters.
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