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A Credit valuation adjustment (CVA), [a] in financial mathematics, is an "adjustment" to a derivative's price, as charged by a bank to a counterparty to compensate it for taking on the credit risk of that counterparty during the life of the transaction. "CVA" can refer more generally to several related concepts, as delineated aside.
This CVA is the discounted risk-neutral expectation value of the loss expected due to the counterparty not paying in accordance with the contractual terms, and is typically calculated under a simulation framework; [12] [13] see Credit valuation adjustment § Calculation.
One objective of credit analysis is to look at both the borrower and the lending facility being proposed and to assign a risk rating.The risk rating is derived by estimating the probability of default by the borrower at a given confidence level over the life of the facility, and by estimating the amount of loss that the lender would suffer in the event of default.
The Merton model, [1] developed by Robert C. Merton in 1974, is a widely used "structural" credit risk model. Analysts and investors utilize the Merton model to understand how capable a company is at meeting financial obligations, servicing its debt, and weighing the general possibility that it will go into credit default.
Capital risks are thus another concern for users, and Banks typically calculate a credit valuation adjustment, CVA - as well as XVA for other risks - which then incorporate these risks into the instrument value. [16] Debt security traders, daily mark to market their swap positions so as to "visualize their inventory" (see product control).
In finance, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the various sources of uncertainty that affect the value of the instrument, portfolio or investment in question, and to then calculate a representative value given these possible values of the underlying inputs. [1] ("Covering all conceivable real world contingencies in proportion to their ...
The key variables for (credit) risk assessment are the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).The credit conversion factor calculates the amount of a free credit line and other off-balance-sheet transactions (with the exception of derivatives) to an EAD amount [2] and is an integral part in the European banking regulation since the Basel II ...
Valuation risk is the risk that an entity suffers a loss when trading an asset or a liability due to a ... credit or other risks for that instrument and can release ...