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Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]
This leads to impaired gas exchange, most often leading to shortness of breath which can progress to hypoxemia and respiratory failure. Pulmonary edema has multiple causes and is traditionally classified as cardiogenic (caused by the heart) or noncardiogenic (all other types not caused by the heart).
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia ; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia .
S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Activity exercise-whether one is able to do daily activities normally without any problem, self care activities; Sleep rest-do they have hypersomnia, insomnia, do they have normal sleeping patterns; Cognitive-perceptual-assessment of neurological function is done to assess, check the person's ability to comprehend information
In 1953, care planning was not believed to be within the nursing scope of practice. [5] In the 1970s, care planning was activity based. [5] Patients were listed according to the procedures they were having done, which determined their plan of care. [5] Care provided was passed on by word of mouth, dressing books, and work lists. [5]
The clinical methods used to help patients clarify and achieve their health-related goals are different for each goal type though the categories are inter-related. [13] The uniting factor of this conceptual framework is that the goal is formed in a discussion involving both the patient and the health care providers prior to the development of a plan of care that is based upon the patient's ...