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  2. Booting process of Linux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting_process_of_Linux

    The second-stage loader (stage2, the /boot/grub/ files) is loaded by the stage1.5 and displays the GRUB startup menu that allows the user to choose an operating system or examine and edit startup parameters. After a menu entry is chosen and optional parameters are given, GRUB loads the linux kernel into memory and passes control to it.

  3. Kernel panic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_panic

    After recompiling a kernel binary image from source code, a kernel panic while booting the resulting kernel is a common problem if the kernel was not correctly configured, compiled or installed. [8] Add-on hardware or malfunctioning RAM could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing ...

  4. Multiboot specification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiboot_Specification

    The Multiboot specification is an open standard describing how a boot loader can load an x86 operating system kernel. [1] [2] The specification allows any compliant boot-loader implementation to boot any compliant operating-system kernel. Thus, it allows different operating systems and boot loaders to work together and interoperate, without the ...

  5. Linux kernel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

    The Linux kernel is a free and open source, [11]: 4 Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system (OS) which was created to be a free replacement for Unix.

  6. vmlinux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmlinux

    Linux kernel boot and decompression process. vmlinux is a statically linked executable file that contains the Linux kernel in one of the object file formats supported by Linux, which includes Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) and Common Object File Format (COFF).

  7. Linux kernel oops - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel_oops

    The kerneloops software can collect and submit kernel oopses to a repository such as the www.kerneloops.org website, [7] which provides statistics and public access to reported oopses. A simplified crash screen was introduced in Linux 6.10, similar to the Blue Screen of Death on Windows. [8]

  8. init - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init

    sysv-rc-conf, a TUI utility that selects which SysV-style init scripts will be run in each runlevel. When compared to its predecessors, AT&T's UNIX System III introduced a new style of system startup configuration, [9] which survived (with modifications) into UNIX System V and is therefore called the "SysV-style init".

  9. Runlevel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runlevel

    After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel. Unless the user specifies another value as a kernel boot parameter , the system will attempt to enter (start) the default runlevel.