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Major programming languages, such as C++ (in the GNU and LLVM implementations), use introsort. [30] Quicksort also competes with merge sort, another O(n log n) sorting algorithm. Merge sort's main advantages are that it is a stable sort and has excellent worst-case performance.
qsort is a C standard library function that implements a sorting algorithm for arrays of arbitrary objects according to a user-provided comparison function. It is named after the "quicker sort" algorithm [1] (a quicksort variant due to R. S. Scowen), which was originally used to implement it in the Unix C library, although the C standard does not require it to implement quicksort.
Multi-key quicksort, also known as three-way radix quicksort, [1] is an algorithm for sorting strings.This hybrid of quicksort and radix sort was originally suggested by P. Shackleton, as reported in one of C.A.R. Hoare's seminal papers on quicksort; [2]: 14 its modern incarnation was developed by Jon Bentley and Robert Sedgewick in the mid-1990s. [3]
The solution to this problem is of interest for designing sorting algorithms; in particular, variants of the quicksort algorithm that must be robust to repeated elements may use a three-way partitioning function that groups items less than a given key (red), equal to the key (white) and greater than the key (blue). Several solutions exist that ...
Hoare developed the sorting algorithm quicksort in 1959–1960. [4] He developed Hoare logic , an axiomatic basis for verifying program correctness . In the semantics of concurrency , he introduced the formal language communicating sequential processes (CSP) to specify the interactions of concurrent processes, and along with Edsger Dijkstra ...
In computer science, quickselect is a selection algorithm to find the kth smallest element in an unordered list, also known as the kth order statistic.Like the related quicksort sorting algorithm, it was developed by Tony Hoare, and thus is also known as Hoare's selection algorithm. [1]
Simple implementation: Jon Bentley shows a version that is three lines in C-like pseudo-code, and five lines when optimized. [1] Efficient for (quite) small data sets, much like other quadratic (i.e., O(n 2)) sorting algorithms; More efficient in practice than most other simple quadratic algorithms such as selection sort or bubble sort
Introsort or introspective sort is a hybrid sorting algorithm that provides both fast average performance and (asymptotically) optimal worst-case performance. It begins with quicksort, it switches to heapsort when the recursion depth exceeds a level based on (the logarithm of) the number of elements being sorted and it switches to insertion sort when the number of elements is below some threshold.