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The clarity, or purity, of a diamond refers to internal inclusions of the diamond, and is one of the 4-Cs in determining a diamond's value.Common inclusions that appear inside diamonds are black carbon spots and small cracks, commonly referred to as fractures or "feathers", due to their feathery whitish appearance when viewed from above or through the side.
Carbonado, commonly known as black diamond, is one of the toughest forms of natural diamond. It is an impure, high-density, micro-porous form of polycrystalline diamond consisting of diamond, graphite , and amorphous carbon , with minor crystalline precipitates filling pores and occasional reduced metal inclusions. [ 1 ]
A carbon flaw in a diamond has a severe impact on strength. [4] Any inclusion in a diamond is a weak point in the crystalline structure and will make the stone more prone to breakage. Specifically, if a cloud forms too close to the surface of the diamond, or the diamond is cut too close to a flaw, it will appear as a crack in the surface.
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Pearls are irradiated to produce gray blue or gray-to-black colors. [24] Methods of using a cobalt-60 gamma ray facility to darken white Akoya pearls were patented in the early-1960s. [31] But the gamma ray treatment does not alter the color of the pearl's nacre, therefore is not effective if the pearl has a thick or non-transparent nacre. [31]
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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a class of amorphous carbon material that displays some of the typical properties of diamond. DLC is usually applied as coatings to other materials that could benefit from such properties. [1] DLC exists in seven different forms. [2] All seven contain significant amounts of sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms.