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  2. Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning

    This theory of deductive reasoning – also known as term logic – was developed by Aristotle, but was superseded by propositional (sentential) logic and predicate logic. [citation needed] Deductive reasoning can be contrasted with inductive reasoning, in regards to validity and soundness. In cases of inductive reasoning, even though the ...

  3. Formal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system

    Deductive system, deductive apparatus, or proof system, which has rules of inference that take axioms and infers theorems, both of which are part of the formal language. A formal system is said to be recursive (i.e. effective) or recursively enumerable if the set of axioms and the set of inference rules are decidable sets or semidecidable sets ...

  4. Validity (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)

    Argument terminology used in logic. In logic, an argument is a set of related statements expressing the premises (which may consists of non-empirical evidence, empirical evidence or may contain some axiomatic truths) and a necessary conclusion based on the relationship of the premises.

  5. Test construction strategies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Construction_Strategies

    Also known as rational, intuitive, or deductive method, it begins by developing a theory for the construct of interest. This may include the use of a previously established theory. After this, items are created that are believed to measure each facet of the construct of interest.

  6. Models of scientific inquiry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_scientific_inquiry

    Deductive reasoning is the reasoning of proof, or logical implication. It is the logic used in mathematics and other axiomatic systems such as formal logic. In a deductive system, there will be axioms (postulates) which are not proven. Indeed, they cannot be proven without circularity.

  7. Bihar School Examination Board - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_School_Examination_Board

    It also includes optional subjects like Sanskrit, Urdu, etc. The syllabus is designed to prepare students for the Secondary School Examination (Class 10th board exam). Class 12th (Intermediate) Syllabus: The class 12th syllabus varies depending on the stream chosen by the students, such as Science, Commerce, or Arts. The science stream includes ...

  8. Hypothetico-deductive model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetico-deductive_model

    The hypothetico-deductive approach contrasts with other research models such as the inductive approach or grounded theory. In the data percolation methodology, the hypothetico-deductive approach is included in a paradigm of pragmatism by which four types of relations between the variables can exist: descriptive, of influence, longitudinal or ...

  9. Deduction and induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deduction_and_induction

    Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Deduction and induction may refer to: Deductive reasoning; Inductive ...