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The St. Bernard or Saint Bernard (UK: / ˈ b ɜːr n ər d /, US: / b ər ˈ n ɑːr d /) is a breed of very large working dog from the Western Alps in Italy and Switzerland. [3] They were originally bred for rescue work by the hospice of the Great St Bernard Pass on the Italian-Swiss border.
Saint Bernard refers primarily to Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), a Christian saint, mystic, and reformer of the Cistercian order. Another prominent meaning is St. Bernard (dog) , a breed of dog.
Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist. (Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 – 20 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, [a] and a major leader in the reform of the Benedictines through the nascent Cistercian Order.
St. Bernard had become mentor to popes and kings, and in 1145, King Louis VII's brother, Henry of France, entered Clairvaux. [54] That same year, Bernard saw one of his monks elected pope as Pope Eugene III. [55] Eugene was an Italian of humble background, who had first been drawn to monasticism at Clairvaux by the magnetism of Bernard.
Bernard is a French and West Germanic masculine given name. It has West Germanic origin and is also a surname. [2]The name is attested from at least the 9th century. West Germanic Bernhard is composed from the two elements bern "bear" and hard "brave, hardy". [3]
The de Sales family were members of the minor nobility and devout Catholics, but St. Francis de Sales fell victim to the religious turmoil of his age. The question of predestination , the hottest point of contention between Catholic and Calvinist theologians, tormented him while he was a student in Paris.
In the 1830s, Heinrich Essig, a dog breeder and seller and mayor of the town of Leonberg near Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, claimed to have created the Leonberger by crossing a female Landseer Newfoundland with a "barry" male from the Great St Bernard Hospice and Monastery (which would later create the Saint Bernard).
The Eight Verses of St. Bernard are excerpts from psalms which, when recited, were said to have saved souls and guaranteed a holy death. Popular in the Late Middle Ages, the origins of the devotion and details of wthe are unknown. Legends attribute the selection and propagation of the devotion to Bernard of Clairvaux. [1]