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Tolerable upper intake levels (UL), to caution against excessive intake of nutrients (like vitamin A and selenium) that can be harmful in large amounts. This is the highest level of sustained daily nutrient consumption that is considered to be safe for, and cause no side effects in, 97.5% of healthy individuals in each life stage and sex group ...
For calcium labeling purposes 100% of the Daily Value was 1000 mg, but in May 2016 it was revised to 1000–1300 mg. [50] A table of the pre-change adult Daily Values and references for the revision are provided at Reference Daily Intake. Food and supplement companies had until July 2018 to comply with the labeling change. [50]
The recommended adequate intake of sodium is 1,500 milligrams (3.9 g salt) per day, and people over 50 need even less." [13] The Daily Value for potassium, 4,700 mg per day, was based on a study of men who were given 14.6 g of sodium chloride per day and treated with potassium supplements until the frequency of salt sensitivity was reduced to 20%.
For example, for calcium the U.S. Food and Drug Administration set the recommended intake for adults over 70 years at 1,200 mg/day and the UL at 2,000 mg/day. [19] The European Union also sets recommended amounts and upper limits, which are not always in accord with the U.S. [ 20 ] Likewise, Japan, which sets the UL for iodine at 3000 μg ...
RNI - Reference Nutrient Intake (95% of the population's requirement is met) EAR - Estimated Average Requirement (50% of the population's requirement is met) LRNI - Lower Recommended Nutritional Intake (5% of the population's requirement is met) RNI is not the same as RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) or GDA, although they are often similar. [3]
The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium in 1997 and updated those values in 2011. [6] See table. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses the term Population Reference Intake (PRIs) instead of RDAs and sets slightly different numbers: ages 4–10 800 mg, ages 11–17 1150 mg, ages 18–24 1000 mg, and >25 years 950 mg. [10]
According to the FAO, the average minimum daily energy requirement is approximately 8,400 kilojoules (2,000 kcal) per adult and 4,200 kilojoules (1,000 kcal) a child. [3] This data is presented in kilojoules, as most countries today use the SI unit kilojoules as their primary measurement for food energy intake, [ 4 ] with the exception of the ...
Calcium is a common constituent of multivitamin dietary supplements, [8] but the composition of calcium complexes in supplements may affect its bioavailability which varies by solubility of the salt involved: calcium citrate, malate, and lactate are highly bioavailable, while the oxalate is less.