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Trills may be realized as a single contact, like a tap or flap, but are variable, whereas a tap/flap is limited to a single contact. When a trill is brief and made with a single contact it is sometimes erroneously described as an (allophonic) tap/flap, but a true tap or flap is an active articulation whereas a trill is a passive articulation.
Usually a trill vibrates for 2–3 contacts, but may be up to 5, or even more if geminate. [1] However, trills may also be produced with only one contact. While single-contact trills are similar to taps and flaps, a tap or flap differs from a trill in that it is made by a muscular contraction rather than airstream. [2]
The terms tap and flap are often used interchangeably. Peter Ladefoged proposed the distinction that a tap strikes its point of contact directly, as a very brief stop, and a flap strikes the point of contact tangentially: "Flaps are most typically made by retracting the tongue tip behind the alveolar ridge and moving it forward so that it ...
Rare kinds of trills include Czech ř [r̝] (fricative trill) and Welsh rh [r̥] (voiceless trill). The uvular trill is another kind of rhotic trill; see below for more. Tap or flap (these terms describe very similar articulations): Similar to a trill, but involving just one brief interruption of airflow. In many languages flaps are used as ...
The voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA.It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ɢ̆ , but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ʀ , [1] since the two have never been reported to contrast.
linguolabial lateral flap (uses lower lip) Piraha (part of allophone for /ɡ/, [ɺ͡ɺ̼]) toogixi [tòːɺ͡ɺ̼ìʔì] "hoe" [12] r̼ ʙ̺: linguolabial trill (uses lower lip) Coatlán Zapotec (paralinguistic) r̼ʔ: used as mimesis for a child's flatulence. [13] (similar to blowing a raspberry, but involving only upper lip) ǀ̼ or ʇ̼ ʘ̺
A velar trill or tap is not possible according to the International Phonetics Association: see the shaded boxes on the table of pulmonic consonants. In the velar position, the tongue has an extremely restricted ability to carry out the type of motion associated with trills or taps, and the body of the tongue has no freedom to move quickly ...
The voiced retroflex trill is not a single consonant quality but a sliding cluster sound within the time of a single segment. It has been reported in Toda and confirmed with laboratory measurements. Peter Ladefoged transcribes it with the IPA symbol that is normally associated with the retroflex flap , ɽ .