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EN 13537 (or EN13537) is a European standard designed to standardize the temperature ratings on sleeping bags manufactured and/or sold in Europe. As of 1 January 2005 a CEN criterion came into effect covering the testing and publication of temperature ratings for sleeping bags. The new criterion differs from the standards that existed formerly.
A sleeping bag's test rating is based on a person who is wearing long underwear, socks and hat, and is sleeping on an insulated pad with an R-value of approximately 5.5. [ citation needed ] There is no standard measurement rating in the U.S., so a 20 °F (−7 °C) bag from one company may not provide the same warmth as a 20 °F (−7 °C) from ...
So that practical clothing may be described conveniently by a range of small integers, the unit of thermal resistance, to be called the “tog”, is the resistance that will maintain a temperature difference of 0.1°C. with a flux of 1 watt per square metre, or in more practical terms, 10°C. with a flux of 1 watt per square decimetre.
Portable stereoscopic rangefinder from WWII The coincidence rangefinder of the Polish destroyer ORP Wicher Laser rangefinder Second World War German range finding tower at La Corbière Jersey A rangefinder (also rangefinding telemeter , depending on the context) is a device used to measure distances to remote objects.
The degree of rotation of the compensator determines the range to the target by simple triangulation. [1] Coincidence rangefinders made by Barr and Stroud used two eyepieces, and may be confused with stereoscopic units. The second eyepiece showed the operator a range scale so the user could range and read the range scale simultaneously. [2] [3]
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A sleeping pads's warmth is characterized by R-value. But unlike sleeping bags' EN 13537 test standard and widely accepted recommendations, sleeping pad R-values lacks a simple mapping and label for 'how much warmth' a consumer should expect. Combining various standards and various authors' research, an approximate R-value to temperature chart ...
The approximate range of an object one foot (30.48 cm) in height covering roughly 100 milliradians is 10 feet (3.048 m) or: Range (r) = approximate height of object (h) × (1000 ÷ aperture in milliradians (a)) r = h(1000/a) → where r and h are identical units, and a is in milliradians.