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Hinglish is a macaronic language that combines English and Hindustani, the latter including Hindi and Urdu, in spoken and written forms. It has a history of linguistic fusion and borrowing, and is influenced by colonial, social and online factors.
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Learn about the etymology, history, types and theories of translation, as well as the challenges and benefits of machine and human translation.
The audio-lingual method is a behaviorist approach to teaching foreign languages through repetition and drills. It was popularized by American linguists and psychologists in the 20th century, but later criticized by Chomsky and others.
Learn about the history, modes, and equipment of simultaneous interpretation, when an interpreter translates the message from the source language to the target language in real-time. Find out how simultaneous interpretation was used in the Nuremberg trials and the United Nations.
A calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation. Learn about the different types of calques, such as phraseological, syntactic, semantic and morphological, and see examples from various languages.
Learn about the direct method of teaching, a natural and audiovisual approach that uses only the target language and avoids translation. Find out its definition, characteristics, techniques, merits, demerits, principles and pedagogy.
Learn the conventions and standards for linguistic interlinear glossing of oral languages, based on the Leipzig Glossing rules. Find common abbreviations for grammatical terms, morphosyntactic roles, kinship, literature and more.
Rule-based machine translation (RBMT; "Classical Approach" of MT) is machine translation systems based on linguistic information about source and target languages basically retrieved from (unilingual, bilingual or multilingual) dictionaries and grammars covering the main semantic, morphological, and syntactic regularities of each language respectively.