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Illustration of uterine fibroids with examples of their possible locations. Uterine artery embolization (UAE, uterine fibroid embolization, or UFE) is a procedure in which an interventional radiologist uses a catheter to deliver small particles that block the blood supply to the uterine body.
A uterine fibroid can cause rectal pressure. The abdomen can grow larger mimicking the appearance of pregnancy. [1] Some large fibroids can extend out through the cervix and vagina. [7] While fibroids are common, they are not a typical cause for infertility, accounting for about 3% of reasons why a woman may not be able to have a child. [10]
Dysmenorrhea can occur without an underlying problem. [3] [6] Underlying issues that can cause dysmenorrhea include uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and most commonly, endometriosis. [3] It is more common among those with heavy periods, irregular periods, those whose periods started before twelve years of age and those who have a low body weight. [1]
Menometrorrhagia, also known as heavy irregular menstrual bleeding, is a condition in which prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal. It is thus a combination of metrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding) and menorrhagia (heavy/prolonged menstrual bleeding).
Hormonal therapies to reduce or stop menstrual bleeding have long been used to manage a number of gynecologic conditions including menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular or other abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual-related mood changes (premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder), and pelvic pain due to endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
It is often characterized by a decrease in flow and duration of bleeding (absence of menstrual bleeding, little menstrual bleeding, or infrequent menstrual bleeding) [10] and infertility. Menstrual anomalies are often but not always correlated with severity: adhesions restricted to only the cervix or lower uterus may block menstruation.
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A small opening in the septum called the fenestration allows the menstrual blood to flow out of the vagina. However, it takes longer than the usual menstrual cycle. For the women who do not have a fenestration, blood will pool in the upper vagina and this would lead to serious abdominal pain. This also results in infertility. [17]