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First the supports are built, then the pods are arranged in place, and finally the concrete is poured. This process may occur in three different approaches, however the basic method is the same in each: In situ: Formwork construction and pouring of concrete occur on site, then the slab is assembled (if required). [4]
The cage is then lowered into the hole and the concrete is placed. Steel CSL tubes are preferred over PVC tubes because studies have shown that PVC tubes tend to debond from the concrete due to the heat of hydration process of concrete, resulting in erratic CSL test results. [1] [2] The tubes are filled with water as an intermediate medium.
A bughole (or pinhole) is a small hole in the surface of a concrete structure caused by the expansion and eventual outgassing of trapped pockets of air in setting concrete. [1] [2] [3] Bugholes are undesirable, as they may compromise the structural integrity of concrete emplacements.
Shoring is designed to prevent collapse where shielding is only designed to protect workers when collapses occur. Concrete-structure and stone-building shoring, in these cases also referred to as falsework, provides temporary support until the concrete becomes hard and achieves the desired strength to support loads.
Yet other systems use metal frame shoring towers, which the decks are attached to. Another common method is to attach the formwork decks to previously cast walls or columns, thus eradicating the use of vertical props altogether. In this method, adjustable support shoes are bolted through holes (sometimes tie holes) or attached to cast anchors.
Putlog holes in Cardiff castle. Putlog holes or putlock holes [1] are small holes made in the walls of structures to receive the ends of poles (small round logs) or beams, called putlogs or putlocks, to support a scaffolding. [2] Putlog holes may extend through a wall to provide staging on both sides of the wall.
Material Removal: Introducing auxiliary holes in the high stress region to create a more gradual transition. The size and position of these holes must be optimized. [13] [14] Known as crack tip blunting, a counter-intuitive example of reducing one of the worst types of stress concentrations, a crack, is to drill a large hole at the end of the ...
A structural support is a part of a building or structure that provides the necessary stiffness and strength in order to resist the internal forces (vertical forces of gravity and lateral forces due to wind and earthquakes) and guide them safely to the ground.