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Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
Glatiramer acetate (also known as Copolymer 1, Cop-1), sold under the brand name Copaxone among others, is an immunomodulator medication used to treat multiple sclerosis. [1] [2] Glatiramer acetate is approved in the United States to reduce the frequency of relapses, but not for reducing the progression of disability.
Aquatic therapy has also been shown to alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Aquatic cycling and aerobic exercise is a safe and effective way to increase muscular strength, endurance, and circulation in MS patients. Aquatic therapy has decreased patient's pain, aided in depression/fatigue, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness.
After diagnosis of MS, characteristics that predict a worse course are male sex, older age, and greater disability at the time of diagnosis; female sex is associated with a higher relapse rate. [209] Currently, no biomarker can accurately predict disease progression in every patient. [ 205 ]
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). [5] It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified E. coli. [6] Some research indicates that interferon injections may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses. [7]
Female cats typically outlive male cats, and crossbred cats typically outlive purebred cats. [2] [4] It has also been found that the greater a cat's weight, the lower its life expectancy on average. [4] The current oldest verified cat alive is Flossie, who was born in 1995 in the United Kingdom. [10]
Unusual types of MS have been described; these include Devic's disease, Balo concentric sclerosis, Schilder's diffuse sclerosis, and Marburg multiple sclerosis. There is debate on whether they are MS variants or different diseases. [31] Multiple sclerosis behaves differently in children, taking more time to reach the progressive stage. [5]
Ocrelizumab, sold under the brand name Ocrevus, is a medication used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.It is a humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. [8] It targets CD20 marker on B lymphocytes and is an immunosuppressive drug. [10]