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The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a small molecule) when it is bound to a protein receptor or enzyme. [1] Pharmaceutical research employs docking techniques for a variety of purposes, most notably in the virtual screening of large databases of available chemicals in order to select ...
In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically results in a change of conformational isomerism (conformation) of the target protein. In DNA-ligand binding studies, the ligand can be a small molecule, ion, [1] or protein [2] which binds to the ...
The PDBbind database is a comprehensive collection of experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd, Ki, and IC50) for the protein-ligand complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It thus provides a link between energetic and structural information of protein-ligand complexes, which is of great value to various studies ...
Machine-learning scoring functions have consistently been found to outperform classical scoring functions at binding affinity prediction of diverse protein-ligand complexes. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] This has also been the case for target-specific complexes, [ 19 ] [ 20 ] although the advantage is target-dependent and mainly depends on the volume of ...
Upon binding of an analyte to the ligand, the real-time kinetic rates (k on, k off) can be measured as changes in fluorescence intensity and the K d can be derived. This method can be used to investigate protein-protein interactions, as well as to investigate modulators of protein-protein interactions by assessing ternary complex formation.
Binding of a ligand to a binding site on protein often triggers a change in conformation in the protein and results in altered cellular function. Hence binding site on protein are critical parts of signal transduction pathways. [10] Types of ligands include neurotransmitters, toxins, neuropeptides, and steroid hormones. [11]
A protein–ligand complex is a complex of a protein bound with a ligand [2] that is formed following molecular recognition between proteins that interact with each other or with other molecules. Formation of a protein-ligand complex is based on molecular recognition between biological macromolecules and ligands, where ligand means any molecule ...
The number of notable protein-ligand docking programs currently available is high and has been steadily increasing over the last decades. The following list presents an overview of the most common notable programs, listed alphabetically, with indication of the corresponding year of publication, involved organisation or institution, short description, availability of a webservice and the license.