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Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
This clock reaction uses sodium, potassium or ammonium persulfate to oxidize iodide ions to iodine. Sodium thiosulfate is used to reduce iodine back to iodide before the iodine can complex with the starch to form the characteristic blue-black color. Iodine is generated: 2 I − + S 2 O 2− 8 → I 2 + 2 SO 2− 4. And is then removed: I 2 + 2 ...
Salting out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) [1] is a purification technique that utilizes the reduced solubility of certain molecules in a solution of very high ionic strength.
Under the influence of atmospheric moisture, diiodosyl sulfate hydrolyzes with the release of iodine, iodic and sulfuric acids. It decomposes when heated: [3] 4(IO) 2 SO 4 → 2I 2 O 5 + 2I 2 + 4SO 3 + O 2. It reacts with sulfur trioxide: [4] (IO) 2 SO 4 + 2SO 3 → I 2 (SO 4) 3. With concentrated sulfuric acid, it forms an acidic salt: (IO) 2 ...
The pentagonal bipyramidal iodine heptafluoride (IF 7) is an extremely powerful fluorinating agent, behind only chlorine trifluoride, chlorine pentafluoride, and bromine pentafluoride among the interhalogens: it reacts with almost all the elements even at low temperatures, fluorinates Pyrex glass to form iodine(VII) oxyfluoride (IOF 5), and ...
The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...
Due to the strongly alkaline reaction conditions, aldehydes that have alpha hydrogen atom(s) instead undergo deprotonation there, leading to enolates and possible aldol reactions. Under ideal conditions the reaction produces 50% of both the alcohol and the carboxylic acid (it takes two aldehydes to produce one acid and one alcohol). [5]
Iodine sulfate is soluble in organic liquids [3] and stable in anhydrous and strongly acidic solvents. [6] In a humid environment, it darkens due to decomposition that releases molecular iodine . [ 2 ]