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  2. Singleton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern

    A singleton implementation may use lazy initialization in which the instance is created when the static method is first invoked. In multithreaded programs, this can cause race conditions that result in the creation of multiple instances. The following Java 5+ example [6] is a thread-safe implementation, using lazy initialization with double ...

  3. Initialization-on-demand holder idiom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization-on-demand...

    The implementation of the idiom relies on the initialization phase of execution within the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) as specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS). [3] When the class Something is loaded by the JVM, the class goes through initialization. Since the class does not have any static variables to initialize, the ...

  4. Multiton pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiton_pattern

    Whereas the singleton allows only one instance of a class to be created, the multiton pattern allows for the controlled creation of multiple instances, which it manages through the use of a map. Rather than having a single instance per application (e.g. the java.lang.Runtime object in the Java programming language ) the multiton pattern instead ...

  5. Immutable object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immutable_object

    In Java [5]: 84 these are StringBuffer and StringBuilder (mutable versions of Java String) and in .NET this is StringBuilder (mutable version of .Net String). Python 3 has a mutable string (bytes) variant, named bytearray. [6] Additionally, all of the primitive wrapper classes in Java are immutable.

  6. Immutable interface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immutable_interface

    In object-oriented programming, "immutable interface" is a pattern for designing an immutable object. [1] The immutable interface pattern involves defining a type which does not provide any methods which mutate state. Objects which are referenced by that type are not seen to have any mutable state, and appear immutable.

  7. Java memory model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_memory_model

    For the execution of a single thread, the rules are simple. The Java Language Specification requires a Java virtual machine to observe within-thread as-if-serial semantics. The runtime (which, in this case, usually refers to the dynamic compiler, the processor and the memory subsystem) is free to introduce any useful execution optimizations as ...

  8. Java concurrency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_concurrency

    Each thread can be scheduled [5] on a different CPU core [6] or use time-slicing on a single hardware processor, or time-slicing on many hardware processors. There is no general solution to how Java threads are mapped to native OS threads. Every JVM implementation can do this differently. Each thread is associated with an instance of the class ...

  9. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.