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The second dimension, self-enhancement versus self-transcendence, contrasts self-focused interests with values oriented toward the welfare of others. [1] Although the theory distinguishes ten values, the borders between the motivators are artificial and one value flows into the next, which can be seen by the following shared motivational emphases:
The task for participants in the survey is to arrange the 18 terminal values, followed by the 18 instrumental values, into an order "of importance to YOU, as guiding principles in YOUR life". [1]: 27 The RVS has been studied in the context of personality psychology, behavior, marketing, social structure and cross-cultural studies.
Self-expression values are part of a core value dimension in the modernization process. [1] Self-expression is a cluster of values that include social tolerance , life satisfaction , public expression and an aspiration to liberty.
Value theory, also known as axiology and theory of values, is the systematic study of values.As the branch of philosophy examining which things are good and what it means for something to be good, it distinguishes different types of values and explores how they can be measured and compared.
The values that a person holds may be personal or political depending on whether they are considered in relation to the individual or to society. [1] Apart from moral virtue, examples of personal values include friendship, knowledge, beauty etc. and examples of political values, justice, equality and liberty.
Terminal values are beliefs or conceptions about ultimate goals of existence that are worth surviving for, such as happiness, self-respect, and freedom. [8] The value survey asks subjects to rank the values in order of importance to them. [7] The actual directions are as follows: “Rank each value in its order of importance to you.
To be dependent on an external object in adulthood is explored in the world of codependency and the formation of fascism. The internal self objects and the healthy use of external objects function as part of the "self machinery". [10] They are persons, objects or activities that "complete" the self, and which are necessary for normal functioning.
Self-knowledge can be categorized by structures in memory or schemata.A self-schema is a set of facts or beliefs that one has about themselves. [5] For any given trait, an individual may or may not be "schematic"; that is, the individual may or may not think about themselves as to where they stand on that trait.