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A water cut meter measures the water content (cut) of crude oil and hydrocarbons as they flow through a pipeline. While the title "Water cut" has been traditionally used, the current API naming is Water Cut Analyser or WCA as OWD or On-Line Water Determination is trademarked.
Simplified process flow diagram. A plant is receiving a multi phased flow of oil and gas from many wells via a manifold. Flow from one well only may be taken to the test separator (shaded). The test separator has the feature to separate gas and water from the oil, and to have each component measured, under different conditions.
All unrefined crude oil has some water entrained within it. During transportation by ship, separation occurs naturally and water collects at the base of the tank below the oil, this is known as free water (FW). [4] Sales contracts for crude oil will typically specify the BS&W and FW to ensure the cargo meets quality standards.
Boreholes drilled in this way include oil or gas wells, water wells, and holes drilled for geotechnical investigations or mineral exploration. [2] The drill cuttings are commonly examined to make a record (a well log) of the subsurface materials penetrated at various depths. In the oil industry, this is often called a mud log.
A wide range of analysis instruments are used in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries. [1] [16] Chromatography – to measure the quality of product or reactants; Density (oil) – for custody metering of liquids; Dewpoint (water dewpoint and hydrocarbon dewpoint) to check the efficiency of dehydration or dewpoint control plant
KBE – kelly bushing elevation (in meters above sea level, or meters above ground level) KBG – kelly bushing height above ground level; KBUG – kelly bushing underground (drilling up in coal mines, West Virginia, Baker & Taylor drilling) KCI – potassium chloride; KD – kelly down; KMW – kill mud weight
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Measurement and interpretation of 2 and 3 phase multiphase flow can also be achieved by using alternative flow measurement technologies such as SONAR.SONAR meters apply the principles of underwater acoustics to measure flow regimes and; can be clamped on to wellheads and flow lines to measure the bulk (mean) fluid velocity of the total mixture which is then post-processed and analyzed along ...