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Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. [ 1 ]
The Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) has worked with scientists, since 1981, to find new methods to replace the use of laboratory animals in experiments, reduce the number of animals tested, and refine necessary tests to eliminate pain and distress (the Three Rs as described in Russell and Burch's Principles of Humane Experimental Technique). [1]
Replacing Animal Research is a charity based in Nottingham, UK, they fund and promotes alternatives to animal testing. Replacing Animal Research was founded in London in 1969 by animal lover Dorothy Hegarty to promote and assist research into new techniques and valid scientific substitutes to replace animal research in medical, biological and ...
Refinement: use of methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm and improve welfare for the animals used. The 3Rs have a broader scope than simply encouraging alternatives to animal testing, but aim to improve animal welfare and scientific quality where the use of animals cannot be avoided. In many ...
The EPAA is a public-private partnership involving the European Commission (EC) and European industry sectors involved in the development of alternative approaches toward animal experimentation. The actions undertaken by the EPAA arise from communication and cooperation between services of the EC and industry, focused on regulatory compliance ...
According to the association, conventional literature databases are still dominated by research that uses animals while non-animal methods are drowning in a flood of animal testing studies. The association says that the full potential of modern human-based research methods has not yet been exploited - countless animals continue to suffer and ...
Animal Free Research UK (AFRUK), formerly the Dr Hadwen Trust, is a UK medical research charity that funds and promotes non-animal techniques to replace animal experiments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Established in 1970, the work undertaken by Animal Free Research UK develops reliable science whilst avoiding animal testing.
In 1985, NEAVS began funding Bjorn Ekwall, chairman of the Cytotoxicology Laboratory (CTLU) in Sweden, [23] a laboratory which designs and validates alternatives to animal research, to develop an in vitro method of toxicology testing capable of replacing the LD50 test, [24] [25] which assesses substance toxicity based on the dose that kills 50% ...