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Four of the top five wireless providers have all standardized on 4G LTE and 5G NR as their wireless communication standards, whereas Boost Mobile uses only 5G NR.Of which, LTE has been deployed across their entire coverage area; however, the LTE bands used by each provider remain largely incompatible.
All major and regional MNOs use 4G LTE / LTE Advanced and 5G NR protocols (2G and 3G having been deprecated and shut down), with GSM technologies. However, many MVNOs tend to sell somewhat older phone models (e.g. ones discontinued by the host networks), which can affect whether all technologies supported by the carrier network are usable by ...
In 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the same problems: to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation. UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA. WiMAX and LTE use OFDM.
Multi-carrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is a multiple access scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, allowing the system to support multiple users at the same time over same frequency band. MC-CDMA spreads each user symbol in the frequency domain.
List of countries by number of telephone lines in use; List of countries by smartphone penetration; List of multiple-system operators; List of telecommunications companies. List of telecommunications companies in the Americas; List of telecommunications companies in Asia and Oceania; List of telecommunications companies in Europe
The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a 3G mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard. [1] Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), UMTS is a component of the International Telecommunication Union IMT-2000 standard set and compares with the CDMA2000 standard set for networks based on the competing cdmaOne technology.
Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies. CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.
IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread. also known as W-CDMA, used in UMTS, the successor to GSM; IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier. also known as CDMA2000, the successor to 2G CDMA ; IMT-2000 CDMA TDD. also known as TD-SCDMA; IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier. also known as EDGE, an intermediate 2.5G technology; IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA. also known as DECT