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The biochemical process of fermentation itself creates a lot of residual heat which can take the must out of the ideal temperature range for the wine. Typically, white wine is fermented between 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) though a wine maker may choose to use a higher temperature to bring out some of the complexity of the wine. Red wine is ...
White wine is a wine that is fermented without undergoing the process of maceration, which involves prolonged contact between the juice with the grape skins, seeds, and pulp. The colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold. [ 1 ]
Orange wine (a.k.a. skin-contact white wine) is wine made with maceration in the manner of rosé or red wine production, but using white wine grape varieties instead of red. To start primary fermentation, yeast may be added to the must for red wine, or may occur naturally as ambient yeast on the grapes (or in the air).
Winemakers can now easily access yeast strains that accentuate desirable features in wine, such as aromatic compounds, mouthfeel, and fermentation kinetics. This commercial availability of yeast strains has revolutionized the art of winemaking by allowing for more precise control over the fermentation process and the resultant wine's character.
In white wine production, pressing usually takes place immediately after crushing and before primary fermentation. In red wine production, the grapes are also crushed but pressing usually doesn't take place until after or near the end of fermentation with the time of skin contact between the juice and grapes leaching color , tannins and other ...
Before fermentation, pectin-splitting enzymes and, for white wine, fining agents such as bentonite may be added to the must in order to promote the eventual agglomeration and settling of colloids. [1] Pectins are structural molecules in the cell walls of fruits which have the important function of 'gumming' plant cells together.
During a fermentation process, the sugar and starches in the alcohol are converted into acetic acid, which is responsible for vinegar’s sour taste. Distilled white vinegar is typically about 5% ...
Malolactic fermentation is possibly as old as the history of wine, but scientific understanding of the positive benefits of MLF and control of the process is a relatively recent development. For many centuries, winemakers noticed an "activity" that would happen in their wines stored in barrel during the warm spring months following harvest .
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