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A software bug is a design defect in computer software.A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.. The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).
The term bug applies exclusively to a system that is (human) designed; not to a natural system; and that the issue is within the influence of human control. For example, humans have faults but not bugs, and a server crash due to natural disaster is not a bug. In addition to or instead of defect, some use: error, flaw or fault.
C does not provide direct support to exception handling: it is the programmer's responsibility to prevent errors in the first place and test return values from the functions.
Using these exceptions to handle specific errors that arise to continue the program is called coding by exception. This anti-pattern can quickly degrade software in performance and maintainability. Executing code even after the exception is raised resembles the goto method in many software languages, which is also considered poor practice.
Example side effects include modifying a non-local variable, a static local variable or a mutable argument passed by reference; raising errors or exceptions; performing I/O; or calling other functions with side-effects. [1] In the presence of side effects, a program's behaviour may depend on history; that is, the order of evaluation matters.
Program execution; General concepts; Code; Translation. Compiler. Compile time; Optimizing compiler; Intermediate representation (IR); Execution. Runtime system. Runtime
Resource leaks are generally due to programming errors: resources that have been acquired must be released, but since release often happens substantially after acquisition, and many things may occur in the meantime (e.g., an exception being thrown or abnormal program termination) it is easy for release to be missed.
Moreover, many software bugs which cause crashes are also exploitable for arbitrary code execution and other types of privilege escalation. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] For example, a stack buffer overflow can overwrite the return address of a subroutine with an invalid value, which will cause, e.g., a segmentation fault , when the subroutine returns.