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In geometry, a frustum (Latin for 'morsel'); [a] (pl.: frusta or frustums) is the portion of a solid (normally a pyramid or a cone) that lies between two parallel planes cutting the solid. In the case of a pyramid, the base faces are polygonal and the side faces are trapezoidal .
The formula for the volume of a frustum of a paraboloid [23] [24] is: V = (π h/2)(r 1 2 + r 2 2), where h = height of the frustum, r 1 is the radius of the base of the frustum, and r 2 is the radius of the top of the frustum. This allows us to use a paraboloid frustum where that form appears more appropriate than a cone.
The lateral surface area of a right circular cone is = where is the radius of the circle at the bottom of the cone and is the slant height of the cone. [4] The surface area of the bottom circle of a cone is the same as for any circle, . Thus, the total surface area of a right circular cone can be expressed as each of the following: Radius and ...
For a pyramid, the lateral surface area is the sum of the areas of all of the triangular faces but excluding the area of the base. For a cone, the lateral surface area would be π r⋅l where r is the radius of the circle at the bottom of the cone and l is the lateral height (the length of a line segment from the apex of the cone along its side ...
A spherical segment Pair of parallel planes intersecting a sphere forming a spherical segment (i.e., a spherical frustum) Terminology for spherical segments.. In geometry, a spherical segment is the solid defined by cutting a sphere or a ball with a pair of parallel planes.
For a regular n-gonal bifrustum with the equatorial polygon sides a, bases sides b and semi-height (half the distance between the planes of bases) h, the lateral surface area A l, total area A and volume V are: [2] and [3] = (+) () + = + = + + Note that the volume V is twice the volume of a frusta.
A bi-conic nose cone shape is simply a cone with length L 1 stacked on top of a frustum of a cone (commonly known as a conical transition section shape) with length L 2, where the base of the upper cone is equal in radius R 1 to the top radius of the smaller frustum with base radius R 2. = +
For example, assuming the Earth is a sphere of radius 6371 km, the surface area of the arctic (north of the Arctic Circle, at latitude 66.56° as of August 2016 [7]) is 2π ⋅ 6371 2 | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 21.04 million km 2 (8.12 million sq mi), or 0.5 ⋅ | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 4.125% of the total surface area of the Earth.