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The mission's second base, Byrd Station, was a (former) research station in West Antarctica established by the US Navy for Operation Deep Freeze II during the International Geophysical Year. [5] The United States Antarctic Program airfield, built to service Operation Deep Freeze (first mission) was later named Williams Field or Willy Field. [6]
Was the largest peacetime naval operation up to that time, according to the New York Times. [5] Operation Deep Water (1957) [4] Exercise Mariner (1957) [6] Exercise Full Play (1958) Exercise Side Step (1959) [7] Exercise Riptide (1959) - An anti-submarine/airstrike exercise held in the US and Western Atlantic.
In October 1960, as part of Operation Deep Freeze, she departed Boston, passed through the Panama Canal, crossed the Pacific, visited New Zealand and McMurdo Sound. Leaving Antarctica, she traveled the Indian Ocean, came through the Suez Canal, crossed the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to return home in May 1961.
In 1960, Mackenzie became a US citizen. [7] A year later, she travelled to the McMurdo Sound in Antarctica on behalf of the National Science Foundation. During this visit, under Operation Deep Freeze (codename for a series of United States missions to Antarctica), [7] she observed the region's biological facilities and research. [1]
Little America V was established on January 3, 1956, at Kainan Bay, some 30 miles (50 kilometers) east of Little America IV, as part of Operation Deep Freeze. [11] Little America V served as the American base in the South Polar program in the International Geophysical Year, from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. [11]
The wing expected to add approximately 235 full-time personnel to support that operation (which became Operation Deep Freeze). The 109th assumed responsibility for the Volant Distant Early Warning Line (DEW Line) resupply missions as well to the DYE-1, 2, 3 and DYE-4 stations.
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