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Lord Raglan, Myth and Ritual. The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 68, No. 270, Myth: A Symposium (Oct.–Dec., 1955), pp. 454–461 doi 10.2307/536770; WG Doty, Mythography: The Study of Myths and Rituals. University of Alabama Press, 1986. Stephanie W Jamison, The Ravenous Hyenas and the Wounded Sun: Myth and Ritual in Ancient India. 1991.
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The lên đồng ritual in process. Múa mồi (fire dance) in lên đồng ritual. Lên đồng (Vietnamese: [len ɗə̂wŋm], chữ Nôm: 𨖲童), votive dance, "to mount the medium", [1] or "going into trance" [2]) is a ritual practiced in Vietnamese folk religion, in which followers become spirit mediums for various kinds of spirits.
Đạo is a Sino-Vietnamese word for "religion," similar to the Chinese term dao meaning "path," while Mẫu means "mother" and is loaned from Middle Chinese /məuX/. While scholars like Ngô Đức Thịnh propose that it represents a systematic worship of mother goddesses, Đạo Mẫu draws together fairly disparate beliefs and practices.
Đạo Mẫu is commonly associated with spirit mediumship rituals—known in Vietnam as lên đồng. It is a ritual in which followers become spirit mediums for various deities. The Communist government used to suspend the practice of lên đồng due to its superstition, but in 1987, the government legalized this practice.
Vietnamese folk religion (Vietnamese: tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam) or Đạo Lương (道良) is a group of spiritual beliefs and practices adhered by the Vietnamese people. About 86% of the population in Vietnam are reported irreligious , [ 1 ] but are associated with this tradition.
By the folklorists' definition, all myths are religious (or "sacred") stories, but not all religious stories are myths: religious stories that involve the creation of the world (e.g., the stories in the Book of Genesis) are myths; however, some religious stories that don't explain how things came to be in their present form (e.g., hagiographies ...
The Four Immortals (Vietnamese: Tứ bất tử, chữ Hán: 四不死) refers to the four chief figures in the pantheon of genii worshiped by the Vietnamese people of the Red River Delta region in legend and mythology. [1]