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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, [7] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Phenobarbital is one of the first-line drugs of choice to treat epilepsy in dogs, as well as cats. [11] It is also used to treat feline hyperesthesia syndrome in cats when anti-obsessional therapies prove ineffective. [72] It may also be used to treat seizures in horses when benzodiazepine treatment has failed or is contraindicated. [73]
Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used in alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
Still used as veterinary drug and as a human antihelminthic in many markets; listed on the WHO List of Essential Medicines. In humans, it was used to treat melanoma before it was withdrawn for agranulocytosis. [29] [30] [31] Levomethadyl acetate: 2003 US Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. [2] Lorcaserin (Belviq) 2020 US Increased risk of ...
The first anticonvulsant was bromide, suggested in 1857 by the British gynecologist Charles Locock who used it to treat women with "hysterical epilepsy" (probably catamenial epilepsy). Bromides are effective against epilepsy, and also cause impotence, which is not related to its anti-epileptic effects. Bromide also suffered from the way it ...
In the United States, cenobamate is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. [3]In the European Union, it is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults with epilepsy who have not been adequately controlled despite a history of treatment with at least two anti-epileptic medications.
The risk of sudden death in young adults with epilepsy is increased 20-40-fold compared to the general population. [32] [33] [20] SUDEP is the number one cause of epilepsy-related death in people with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. [20] Children with epilepsy have a cumulative risk of dying suddenly of 7% within 40 years. [20]
It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]