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The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder produce a high tensile force, and help to pull the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity. The glenoid cavity is shallow and contains the glenoid labrum which deepens it and aids stability. With 120 degrees of unassisted flexion, the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body.
Is a simple hinge-joint, and allows of movements of flexion and extension only. Humeroradial joint: head of the radius: capitulum of the humerus: Is a ball-and-socket joint. Superior radioulnar joint: head of the radius: radial notch of the ulna: In any position of flexion or extension, the radius, carrying the hand with it, can be rotated in it.
Obligatory synergy patterns are observed when a patient tries to make a minimal voluntary movement, or as a result of stimulated reflexes. [1] The flexion synergy for the upper extremity includes scapular retraction and elevation, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and wrist and finger flexion. [1]
Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), also known as “mom posture”, [1] is a common postural problem in which the resting position of the shoulders leans forward from the body’s ideal alignment. [1] Patients usually feel slouched and hunched, [ 2 ] with the situation deteriorating if left untreated.
Forward head posture (FHP) [1] is an excessively kyphotic (hunched) thoracic spine. It is clinically recognized as a form of repetitive strain injury . [ citation needed ] The posture can occur in dentists, [ 2 ] surgeons, [ 3 ] and hairdressers, [ 4 ] or people who spend time on electronic devices.
The reference values for the normal ROM in individuals differ slightly depending on age and sex. [2] For example, as an individual ages, they typically lose a small amount of ROM. Analog and traditional devices to measure range of motion in the joints of the body include the goniometer and inclinometer which use a stationary arm, protractor ...
Rotator cuff tendinopathy is associated with pain over the front and side (anterolateral) of the shoulder pain that radiates towards the elbow. The pain may occur with shoulder movement above the horizontal position, shoulder flexion and abduction. [12] [13] Pain is often described as weakness. Actual muscle weakness does not correlate with ...
A positive test is indicated by pain in the anterior or lateral shoulder when in full flexion. It is indicative of problems involving the supraspinatus and the long head of the biceps brachii tendons. The examiner needs to be aware of a false positive test which is due to the patient having limited forward flexion. [1]