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Measurement of volume by displacement, (a) before and (b) after an object has been submerged. The amount by which the liquid rises in the cylinder (∆V) is equal to the volume of the object. In fluid mechanics, displacement occurs when an object is largely immersed in a fluid, pushing it out of the way and taking its place. The volume of the ...
The particle's Mean squared displacement from its original position is: =, where is the dimension of the particle's Brownian motion. For example, the diffusion of a molecule across a cell membrane 8 nm thick is 1-D diffusion because of the spherical symmetry; However, the diffusion of a molecule from the membrane to the center of a eukaryotic ...
"Bulk flow" is the movement/flow of an entire body due to a pressure gradient (for example, water coming out of a tap). "Diffusion" is the gradual movement/dispersion of concentration within a body with no net movement of matter. An example of a process where both bulk motion and diffusion occur is human breathing. [2]
The self-diffusion coefficient of water has been experimentally determined with high accuracy and thus serves often as a reference value for measurements on other liquids. The self-diffusion coefficient of neat water is: 2.299·10 −9 m 2 ·s −1 at 25 °C and 1.261·10 −9 m 2 ·s −1 at 4 °C. [2]
Examples of anomalous diffusion in nature have been observed in ultra-cold atoms, [3] harmonic spring-mass systems, [4] scalar mixing in the interstellar medium, [5] telomeres in the nucleus of cells, [6] ion channels in the plasma membrane, [7] colloidal particle in the cytoplasm, [8] [9] [10] moisture transport in cement-based materials, [11 ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
The increase in stress by an infinitesimal amount or a small displacement of a single particle can result in the difference between an arrested state and fluid-like behavior. [ 2 ] Although many materials found in nature can fit into the class of complex fluids, very little is well understood about them; inconsistent and controversial ...
A fluid in medicine or biology refers to any liquid constituent of the body , [5] [6] whereas "liquid" is not used in this sense. Sometimes liquids given for fluid replacement , either by drinking or by injection, are also called fluids [ 7 ] (e.g. "drink plenty of fluids").