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Atrusca brevipennata, formerly Andricus pellucidus, also known as the little oak-apple gall wasp, is a locally common species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in North America. [1] The wasp oviposits on shrub live oak and Gambel oak leaves. [ 1 ]
Ophelimus maskelli is a species of chalcid wasp about 1mm long, known as the eucalyptus gall wasp, indigenous to Australia and New Zealand, and invasive in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, North Africa, South Africa, tropical Asia (from Vietnam to Indonesia), and the United States (). [1]
The chalcid wasp larva develops inside the gall and when it emerges as an adult insect the gall is spherical and up to 2.7 millimeters wide. During an infestation there are usually 3 to 6 galls per leaf, but up to 65 have been observed on a single leaf. [1] The adult wasps emerge from the galls after growing inside for 3–4 months.
The reproduction of gall wasps is usually partly parthenogenesis, in which a male is completely unnecessary, and partly two-sex propagation. [2] Most species have alternating generations, with one two-sex generation and one parthenogenic generation annually, whereas some species produce very few males and reproduce only by parthenogenesis, [2] possibly because of infection of the females ...
[2] [5] However, gall morphology can be modified by the presence of inquilines and parasitoids. [2] [5] Some species induce galls on leaves, while others induce galls on stems or adventitious shoots. [2] [5] Depending on the species of wasp, galls may be single-chambered or multi-chambered, and detachable or integral. [2] [5]
Diplolepis rosae is a gall wasp which causes a gall known as the rose bedeguar gall, bedeguar gall wasp, Robin's pincushion, mossy rose gall, or simply moss gall. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of an unopened leaf axillary or terminal bud, mostly on field rose ( Rosa arvensis ) or dog rose ( Rosa canina ) shrubs.
Disholcaspis is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are more than 40 species described in the genus Disholcaspis. [1] [2] [3] Some Disholcaspis species induce galls that produce honeydew, a sweet liquid that attracts yellow jackets, ants, and bees. These insects then protect the galls from parasitic wasps. [4]
Phylloteras volutellae, the conical oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp (family Cynipidae), [1] tribe Cynipini (oak gall wasps), [2] found in North America. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Larvae induce galls on the leaves of white oaks , including bur oak ( Quecus macrocarpa ) and swamp white oak ( Quercus bicolor ).
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