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Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is a nerve compression syndrome or nerve entrapment syndrome causing a painful foot condition in which the tibial nerve is entrapped as it travels through the tarsal tunnel. [1] [2] The tarsal tunnel is found along the inner leg behind the medial malleolus (bump on the inside of the ankle). The posterior tibial ...
The flexor retinaculum of the foot extends from the medial malleolus above, to the calcaneus below. [1] This converts a series of bony grooves into canals for the passage of the tendons of the flexor muscles and the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve into the sole of the foot, known as the tarsal tunnel.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is the most commonly reported nerve entrapment of the ankle. It is analogous to carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrist. It is caused by compression of the tibial nerve underneath the flexor retinaculum of the foot. [1] People with tarsal tunnel syndrome have pain in the plantar aspect of the foot mostly at night.
1933: first published carpal tunnel surgery for post-traumatic compression [58] 1946: first carpal tunnel surgery for idiopathic compression [59] [49] 1958: cubital tunnel surgery described [60] [50] 1962: tarsal tunnel surgery described [52] 1967: Janetta procedure for trigeminal neuralgia [61] 1989: endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery [62]
The development of carpal tunnel syndrome was of particular interest for other idiopathic tardy nerve palsies. Carpal tunnel served as a model for how nerves could be squeezed by narrow anatomic compartments and soon other tunnel syndromes were conceptualized, such as cubital tunnel syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. [87] [88] [83]
The talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints (i.e. between the talus and navicular bones, and the calcaneus and cuboid bones) form the so-called transverse tarsal joint or Chopart's joint. It has two axes of motion.
[1] [2] Percussion is usually performed moving distal to proximal. [2] It is named after Jules Tinel. [3] [4] [5] It is a potential sign of carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, [6] anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome [7] [8] and symptomatic neuroma. [9]
Sinus tarsi syndrome is the clinical disorder of pain and tenderness in the sinus tarsi, which is a lateral tunnel in the foot at the junction of the hindfoot and the midfoot, between the ankle and the heel. [1] [2] Most of the time, sinus tarsi syndrome onsets after ankle sprains, however there can be other causes. [3]