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One subspecies is the widespread domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus), [30] as well as two wild subspecies: the recently extinct European wild horse (E. f. ferus) and the endangered Przewalski's horse (E. f. przewalskii). [10] [11] [30] The ancestors of domestic and Przewalski's horses are estimated to have diverged around 45,000 years ago. [37]
Historical reports are ambiguous on whether tarpans had standing manes like wild equines, or falling manes like domestic horses. [3] The appearance of European wild horses may be reconstructed with genetic, osteologic and historic data. One genetic study suggests that bay was the predominant colour in European wild horses. [14]
Przewalski's-type wild horses appear in European cave art dating as far back as 20,000 years ago, [1] but genetic investigation of a 35,870-year-old specimen from one such cave instead showed an affinity with extinct Iberian horse lineage and the modern domestic horse, suggesting that it was not Przewalski's horse being depicted in this art. [37]
The Tatar-Cossack word "tarpan" was popularized for European wild horses in the 19th century, though today is sometimes limited to horses from central and eastern Europe. [44] Paleogenomics suggest that horses were domesticated independently in the Ponto-Caspian steppe and expanded to the rest of Europe by the Bronze Age.
Various wild horse subspecies (e.g. Equus c. gallicus, [39] [40] Equus c. latipes, [33] [39] [41] Equus c. uralensis [39]) Equus dalianensis (wild horse species known from North China) European wild ass (Equus hydruntinus) (survived in refugia in Anatolia until late Holocene) Equus ovodovi (survived in refugia in North China until late Holocene)
European wild horses were hunted for up to 10% of the animal bones in a handful of Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements scattered across Spain, France, and the marshlands of northern Germany, but in many other parts of Europe, including Greece, the Balkans, the British Isles, and much of central Europe, horse bones do not occur or occur very ...
Australia has approved the culling of wild horses by aerial shooting in one of its largest national parks, reviving a banned practice in an attempt to protect the native wildlife.. The population ...
The European wild ass (Equus hydruntinus or Equus hemionus hydruntinus) or hydruntine is an extinct equine from the Middle Pleistocene to Late Holocene of Europe and West Asia, and possibly North Africa. It is a member of the subgenus Asinus, and closely related to the living Asiatic wild ass.