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  2. Angular momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum

    The angular momentum of m is proportional to the perpendicular component v ⊥ of the velocity, or equivalently, to the perpendicular distance r ⊥ from the origin. Angular momentum is a vector quantity (more precisely, a pseudovector) that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity (in radians/sec) about a ...

  3. Angular momentum of light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum_of_light

    The angular momentum of light is a vector quantity that expresses the amount of dynamical rotation present in the electromagnetic field of the light. While traveling approximately in a straight line, a beam of light can also be rotating (or " spinning " , or " twisting " ) around its own axis.

  4. Angular momentum operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum_operator

    The classical definition of angular momentum is =.The quantum-mechanical counterparts of these objects share the same relationship: = where r is the quantum position operator, p is the quantum momentum operator, × is cross product, and L is the orbital angular momentum operator.

  5. Specific angular momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_angular_momentum

    In celestial mechanics, the specific relative angular momentum (often denoted or ) of a body is the angular momentum of that body divided by its mass. [1] In the case of two orbiting bodies it is the vector product of their relative position and relative linear momentum, divided by the mass of the body in question.

  6. Relativistic angular momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_angular_momentum

    For reference and background, two closely related forms of angular momentum are given. In classical mechanics, the orbital angular momentum of a particle with instantaneous three-dimensional position vector x = (x, y, z) and momentum vector p = (p x, p y, p z), is defined as the axial vector = which has three components, that are systematically given by cyclic permutations of Cartesian ...

  7. Spin (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

    Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. [1] [2]: 183–184 Spin is quantized, and accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory.

  8. Absolute angular momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_angular_momentum

    Absolute angular momentum sums the angular momentum of a particle or fluid parcel in a relative coordinate system and the angular momentum of that relative coordinate system. Meteorologists typically express the three vector components of velocity v = ( u , v , w ) (eastward, northward, and upward).

  9. Spin angular momentum of light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_angular_momentum_of_light

    The general expression for the spin angular momentum is [1] =, where is the speed of light in free space and is the conjugate canonical momentum of the vector potential.The general expression for the orbital angular momentum of light is =, where = {,,,} denotes four indices of the spacetime and Einstein's summation convention has been applied.